Download Peloponnesian War

Peloponnesian War Ian Broadwater

The primary author is the individual who drafted the first version of this section; a section that could have been modified since it was originally published.

Delian and Peloponnesian League The Delian League was formed in 478 BCE It was an alliance o Aegean city states—mostly along the coast—who had come together for mutual protection against Persia. The Delian League was an Athenian based alliance. Although originally formed to face off against the Persians, this alliance stayed strong throughout the Peloponnesian war. Sparta, which is located in southeast Greece, formed the Peloponnesian League. The Peloponnesian League consisted of Sparta, Corinth, and Elis. After defeating Persia, Athens gained more power and continued to gain power. Militaristic Sparta did not like how much power Athens was getting and felt threatened. Sparta thus gave Athens and the Delian League an ultimatum. Athens must free all cities under its control or there will be war. Athens refused and the First Peloponnesian war began.

Treaties The Thirty Years' Peace was a treaty signed between Athens and Sparta in 446 BCE. The treaty brought an end to the conflict known as the First Peloponnesian War, which had been going on since 460 BCE. Sadly, this treaty only lasted 13 years. The treaty failed for multiple reasons; mainly Athens attacking allies of Sparta. After the treaty became void, Sparta declared war on Athens and so begins The Peloponnesian War.

Athens Athens, the central naval force of the world at the time, fought with triremes. These wooden warships were the power houses of the sea. They were 100-120 feet long. Triremes were designed to ram into an enemy ship, destroy it, and keep moving forward. Surprisingly, Athens was also effective in land combat. They would strategically set up in an area where they could both flank the enemy and yet also defend. The strategy was very much like the one used in the Battle of Marathon.

Reprinted from College History http://www.collegehistory.info/ancient/manuscripts/08-peloponnesian-war.html Last updated on 19 October 2014 Photo Caption: Athenian Trireme

1

Sparta Sparta had always been a militaristic power. They were a land based fighting force that strategically set themselves up for victory by primarily using a phalanx. This sets them apart from any other city states in Greece at the time. Spartans were trained young to fight and to kill. If a youth was not strong from birth, the Spartans would leave the child to die. This militaristic mind set is possibly why, when the Peloponnesian war ended, Sparta came out on top.

Works Consulted Bagnall, Nigel. The Peloponnesian War: Athens, Sparta and the Struggle for Greece. New York: Thomas Dunne, 2006. Print. An analysis of the twenty-seven-year-long war between Athens and Sparta examines the historical forces that set it in motion.

Forrest, W. G. History of Sparta: 950-192 B.C. London: Hutchinson, 1971. Print. Kagan, Donald. New History of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 2012. Print. Kagan, Donald. The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1969. Print. Kagan, Donald. The Peloponnesian War. New York: Viking, 2003. Print. This book outlines the, almost 3 decade war between the city states of Greece Pericles' economic presence during the war, treaties that were formed but then disbanded.

Robinson, Eric. "Thucydides and Democratic Peace." Journal of Military Ethics. 5.4 (2006): 243-53. Web. The failure of democratic peace to develop may relate to the environment of the Greek city state, which privileged local interests over broader constitutional ideals.

Souza, Philip De. The Peloponnesian War, 431-404 BC. Oxford: Osprey, 2002. Print.

Reprinted from College History http://www.collegehistory.info/ancient/manuscripts/08-peloponnesian-war.html Last updated on 19 October 2014 Photo Caption: Athenian Trireme

2

Syse, Henrik. "Plato, Thucydides, and the Education of Alcibiades." Journal of Military Ethics. 5.4 (2006): 290-302. Web. The problem of the relationship between warmaking and the health of the city constitutes an important part of the Platonic corpus. In the Platonic dialogue Alcibiades I, considered in antiquity one of Plato's most important works, Socrates leads Alcibiades to agree that there ought to be a close link between justice and decisions about war.

Thucydides, Richard Crawley, and Thucydides. Complete Writings: The Peloponnesian War. New York: Modern Library, 1951. Print. The original writings of the Peloponnesian war from Thucydides. He talks about the military technology advances such as the trireme. The Athenian empire and how building the walls around Athens hurt the Athenians. Pericles' speech of war, and how the plague impacted the war.

Thucydides, Robert B. Strassler, and Richard Crawley. The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War. New York: Free, 1996. Print. Tracy, Stephen V. Pericles: A Sourcebook and Reader. Berkeley: U of California, 2009. Print. Tritle, Lawrence A. The Peloponnesian War. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004. Print.

Reprinted from College History http://www.collegehistory.info/ancient/manuscripts/08-peloponnesian-war.html Last updated on 19 October 2014 Photo Caption: Athenian Trireme

3