Download Peloponnesian War handout.pptx

PELOPONNESIAN WAR – INFORMATION SHEET MS. ANDERSON – SOCIAL STUDIES 10

You  are  responsible  for  this   sheet.  If  you  misplace  it,  you   will  NOT  be  given  a  new  one.   You  must  go  to  the  wikispace   and  print  off  your  own  copy.      -­‐  Ms.  A  

Name:  _______________________  

MAIN IDEAS   -­‐   Athens  and  Sparta  and  their  allies  fought  a  war  over  Athens’  growing  power.     -­‐   Government  Athens  lost  the  Peloponnesian  War.     -­‐  Government  More  than  25  years  of  war  weakened  all  of  the  Greek  citystates.  

WHY THE WAR STARTED

THUCYDIDES  –  A  veteran  of  the   Peloponnesian  War  general  who   recorded  the  events  of  the  war  in  a   massive,  mulD-­‐volume  text.  

QUESTION

-­‐   Following  the  Greek  victory  in  the  Persian  War,  Athens  was  in  possession  of  a   powerful  navy  the  controlled  their  empire  in  the  Aegean  Sea.  This  empire  was   lead  by  Pericles.   -­‐   Some  city-­‐states  feared  Athens’s  grab  for  power  and  presDge  (Sparta  in   parDcular).   -­‐   Athens  lead  other  city-­‐states  in  an  alliance  known  as  the  Delian  League.     DefiniDon  page  145:  ______________________________________________   _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________.   -­‐   Sparta  headed  Peloponnesian  League  that  opposed  the  Delian  League.  Many   of  its  city-­‐states  were  located  on  Peloponnesus   -­‐ Sparta  declared  war  on  Athens  in  431  B.C.;  began  Peloponnesian  War.  

According  to  the  video,  and  the  textbook  (pg  145),  what  were  the  main  causes  of  tension   between  Athens  and  Sparta  in  the  years  leading  up  to  the  Peloponnesian  War?  

STRATEGIES OF WAR -­‐ Sparta  had  beXer  land  forces  and  city  was  safe  from  sea  aXack.   -­‐ Athens  had  beXer  navy,  could  aXack  Sparta's  allies  from  sea.   -­‐ Sparta  captured  land  around  Athens’s,  destroyed  crops,  food  supply   -­‐ Athens's  strategy  was  to  avoid  land  baXles,  rely  on  sea  power   -­‐ Pericles  persuaded  Athens  to  let  Sparta  destroy  crops  and  brought   people  inside  city  walls.  Food  was  brought  into  the  city-­‐state  by  sea.   Pericles  thought  that,  with  the  wall  surrounding  the  city  and  giving  a  safe   passage  to  the  sea,  that  Athens  was  immune  from  aXack.  

PERICLES  –  The  Athenian  leader   at  the  Dme  of  the   Peloponnesian  War.  He  was  a   master  of  persuasive   speaking,  and  the  brains   behind  Athens’s  naval  empire.  

QUESTION

Why  was  Pericles’s  defensive  strategy  a  massive  failure  of  Athens?  (see  video  and   textbook,  pg  146)  

Pericles’s  wall  of  Athens  –  Fortress  or  prison?  Discuss.  

THE AFTERMATH

LESSON SUMMARY  

•  Peloponnesian  War  lasted  over  27  years   •  CiDes,  crops  were  destroyed;  thousands  of  Greeks  died   •  All  the  Greek  city-­‐states  suffered  economic,  military   losses   •  King  Philip  II  of  Macedon  came  to  power  in  359  B.C.      -­‐  Macedon  was  kingdom  north  of  Greek  city-­‐  states      -­‐  Philip  planned  empire,  looked  south  to    weakened  Greek  city-­‐states    

•  The  wealth,  presDge,  policies,  and  power  of   Athens  caused  resentment  among  other  city-­‐ states.     •  A  plague  that  killed  many  Athenians  helped   Sparta  defeat  Athens.     •  The  Peloponnesian  War  weakened  all  of  the   Greek  city-­‐states  for  50  years.  

WHY IT MATTERS NOW…   The  Peloponnesian  War  shows  that  countries  that  wage  war  may  lose  power  and  presDge  instead  of  gaining  it.  

QUESTION

Do  you  agree  with  the  above  statement?  Can  you  think  of  another  example  from  history   where  this  might  be  true/false?