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Greek Civilization 2100 BC to 150 BC 1. Early Greece 2. The Classical Age 3. Greek Achievements 4. Alexander the Great The small, rugged peninsula in southern Europe – Greece – home of early advanced civilizations

From the Minoans and the Mycenaeans to Sparta and Athens to the empire of Alexander the Great, the Greeks left a legacy that helped shape Western Civilization

Centered around trade

2100 – 150 BC

The Geography of Greece •Ancient Greece is located in southern Europe. •It is located on the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. •The land is mountainous and the civilization does not grow around a river.

Early Greeks: Mycenaeans & Minoans

2100 – 150 BC

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos) The

Minoans were the earliest people in the Region. They were traders but their civilization disappeared around 1400 BC.

2100 – 150 BC

Minoan Civilization

oExcavations done at Knossos reveal clues about their life: oPrivate rooms oBasic Plumbing oArtwork- tied to the sea

2100 – 150 BC

Minoan Civilization

LanguageLinear Acant decipher

Most Minoan images of priests are women

2100 – 150 BC

The Mycenaean Civilization

•The Mycenaeans arose next and were most famous for the Trojan War. • They declined around 1200 BC.

2100 – 150 BC

The Trojan Wars

• Fought between Troy (Turkey) and Mycenae (Greece) • The Trojan Horse-not sure if the battle took place

Homer: The “Heroic Age” The Odyssey – the account of Greek hero – Odysseus in the Trojan War The Ilaid is the second account

2100 – 150 BC

The Mask of Agamemnon King of Mycenae who was murdered by his wife’s mistress

The Dark Ages • 1100-750 BCE • After the Trojan War the Mycenaean civilization collapsed due to civil war and/or invasions from the north • Writing was lost so little is known about the period

2100 – 150 BC

2100 – 150 BC

The Rise of Greek City States The region declined for hundreds of years after the Mycenaeans. Around 750 BC, the Greek City state, or polis, started to develop. Cities were built on two levels, with an acropolis (citadel) on the top level.

2100 – 150 BC

The Rest of the City States Below the Acropolis was the walled part of the city where everyday life took place. There were marketplaces, theaters, public buildings, and homes. The market was called the agora. It was usually in the center of the city.

2100 – 150 BC

Athens

2100 – 150 BC

Governing the City State • At first, city states were ruled by one person, usually a king. This is called a monarchy. They were often called tyrants. • Next, it was ruled by a small group of nobles. This is called an oligarchy. • New forms of government – democracy would soon develop, especially in Athens.

2100 – 150 BC

Sparta Sparta was a city state that developed into a warrior society. Men spend their lives dedicated to warfare and training. Some women took up household and economic responsibilities because the men were occupied with war.

2100 – 150 BC

Sparta Military Might

•Helots  People enslaved by the Spartans.

2100 – 150 BC

Athens: Yesterday and Today

•Athens was a city state that developed into a democracy. •A democracy is a place where people vote. •Only male citizens could vote. •Athens also focused on arts and learning.

2100 – 150 BC

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE Fought between Greece and Persia –

Cause of Conflict region called Ionia

• Greeks heavily outnumbered. Persians

Greeks 7300

200,000

Infantry

1200

Navy

200

20,000

Cavalry

0

(300 Spartans)

• The Spartans were led by Leonidas, the King of Sparta. His troops were the ultimate warriors.

Thermopylae

The Battle at Thermopylae • August of 480 BC • The Greeks were waiting for the Persians at Thermopylae. • (If the Persians wanted to get into mainland Greece they would have to take this pass.)

• Xerxes sat on a golden throne atop the pass to watch the battle. • For the first two days the 7300 Greek soldiers were able to hold off the Persians, slaughtering the Persians. (Even Xerxes’ elite “Immortals”)

A Traitor Among the Greeks • A Greek soldier betrayed the Greeks and showed Xerxes a path that would lead the Persian troops behind the Greeks. • Leonidas sends the Athenians home knowing they are going to lose. • This way the Athenians could defend the city. • The Persians slaughtered the remaining Spartans, all were killed.

“The last stand…..

Leonidas

Statue of Leonidas in Sparta today.

Greek Victory in the Persian Wars $ Salamis (480 BCE)

 Athenian naval Victory

Persian Wars

http://www.rom.gr/ROM7/images/afisa01.jpg

2100 – 150 BC

Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

The most influential politician in Athens for many years following the Persian Wars Responsible for building the Parthenon & beautifying Athens

2100 – 150 BC

Peloponnesian Wars

Athens –Delian League Sparta-Pelponnesian League Tension between the two leagues; Sparta and Athens fight until Sparta

Defeats Athens Significance of the Wars— Weakened the Greeks which made them vulnerable to invasion and Conquest.

2100 – 150 BC

Macedonia Under Philip II Took over Greece along with his son, Alexander the Great

2100 – 150 BC

2100 – 150 BC

Alexander the Great

Took over, at age 20, after his father was assassinated

2100 – 150 BC

Alexander the Great’s Empire

2100 – 150 BC

Alexander the Great in Persia

Within a year, Alexander conquered Persia

2100 – 150 BC

Phalanx tactic

2100 – 150 BC

The Hellenization of Asia

Greek-Like Culture mixed with others throughout Asia Although Alexander the Great did conquer the Greeks, he actually helped to spread Greek civilization all over Asia

2100 – 150 BC

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

2100 – 150 BC

The Breakup of Alexanders Empire

Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BC at age 33