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Ch.5: The Greeks Review Fill-in the Blank: Although evidence is scarce, it is believed that a blind poet named ______________ wrote two early poems, the ___________ and the _______________. The first told the story of _______________ who led the Greeks in an attack on ____________. The second told of the wanderings of _________________ around the __________________ world.

The Minoans built a civilization on the island of _______________. They established trade with Egypt and _______________, but were eventually wiped-out, it is believed, by a volcano that created the island of _____________________.

Because Greece is very _________________ a city or _________ developed independent from its neighbors. Different forms of government existed in each city. A ___________ is a government where one ruler holds power legitimately. In a _____________, a ruler holds power illegitimately. When a few wealthy people hold power it is referred to as an ______________. _______________ was a monarchy which was continually geared towards war. In _____________ all male citizens had the right to vote, a form of government called ________________.

Because Athens supported the Ionian cities in their revolt against the ______________, __________ made war against the Athenians in 490BC. Athens created an alliance against the Persians called the _____________ League. The Greeks defeated the Persians at the Battle of _____________ 26.2 miles north of Athens. A second invasion in 480BC was stopped when a Spartan defense of the pass at ________________ allowed the Athenians to defeat the Persians at the __________ battle of ___________.

During the Golden Age of Athens playwrights such as _____________ and ___________ wrote tragedies about common people making horrible mistakes. To lighten things up playwrights like __________________ wrote comedies. These were usually performed by all _________ casts in an outdoor _______________.

Greeks also established a more profound study of science. __________________ is the world’s first serious _______________; doctors today take the “Hippocratic Oath” in his honor. Archimedes expanded the study of _______________, while ________________ made numerous ___________________ theorems. ______________________ theorized that the earth was round.

In 431BC the _________________ War broke out between Athens and Sparta. The war was inconclusive until a _____________ broke out in Athens destroying nearly _______ of its population. The weakening of the Greek city-states allowed the ______________ under __________ to conquer Greece. His son, ______________ made war on the Persians and conquered much of the known world. He established numerous cities, most of them named _____________. Most importantly he spread Greek or “_____________” culture and language throughout the entire Eastern Mediterranean region. Word Bank for Fill-In: Santorini Aeschylus Mediterranean Odyssey Athens mountainous amphitheater Homer Eratosthenes naval Hellenistic

male Salamis Troy Macedonians Thermopylae Illiad physician Aristophanes monarchy Odysseus Xerxes

Sparta mathematical Peloponnesian Tyranny Crete Sophocles polis Marathon Alexandria Philip II plague

democracy Hippocrates half Alexander Mesopotamia Achilles physics Persians Delian aristocracy Pythagoras

In a Venn Diagram, Compare and Contrast the polis of Athens and Sparta:

ATHENS

SPARTA BOTH