Download Ch. 7 Section 2 Test Prep Review

Ch. 7 Section 2 Test Prep Review

Tyrants were able to seize power from the nobles with the support of Greek farmers, merchants, and artisans. (page 345) The Spartans focused on military skills to control the people they conquered. (page 346) Unlike Spartans, Athenians were more interested in building a democracy than building a military force. (page 348)

I. Tyranny in the City-States (pages 345–346) A. Nobles, who owned large farms, seized power from the Greek kings. B. Farmers had to borrow money from nobles and often could not pay back the debt. The farmers lost their land and had to work for the nobles or were sold into slavery. C. Unhappy farmers demanded changes in the power structure of the city-states. This unhappiness led to the rise of tyrants, or people who take power by force and rule with total authority. D. Tyrants overthrew the nobles during the 600s B.C. E. Tyrants maintained their popularity by building marketplaces, temples, and walls.

1. Tyranny in the City-States (pages 345–346)

F. The Greek people eventually tired of the tyrants and created oligarchies or democracies. An oligarchy is a form of government in which a few people hold power. A democracy is a form of government in which all citizens share power. G. Sparta was an oligarchy; Athens was a democracy.

Life in Athens was based on the idea of education and participation of all free men as citizens.

Life in Sparta was based on the idea of war and strength. All boys were trained for a lifetime as soldiers. Physical fitness was the standard for all Spartans.

II. Sparta (pages 346–347) A. To obtain more land, Spartans conquered and enslaved their neighbors, calling them helots.

B. To keep the helots from rebelling, the Spartans created a strong military.

C. Boys entered the military at age seven. D. At age 20, men entered the regular army and lived in the barracks for 10 years. They returned home at age 30 but served in the army until age 60. E. Spartan girls were trained in sports to become healthy mothers and were freer than other Greek women.

F. The Spartan government was an oligarchy in which two kings headed a council of elders. This council presented laws to an assembly, which voted on the laws. G. The Spartan government kept foreign travelers out and discouraged its own citizens from traveling so that the government could maintain control of the country.

III. Athens (pages 348–350) A. Boys in Athens attended school to learn reading, writing, and arithmetic; play sports; and learn to sing and play musical instruments. B. Athenian girls learned household duties from their mothers. Some wealthy girls learned reading, writing, and playing the lyre. C. The government of early Athens was an oligarchy. D. A noble named Solon reformed the Athenian government in 594 B.C. E. The tyrant Peisistratus seized power 30 years after Solon’ s rule. F. Cleisthenes took power in 508 B.C. He created a democracy in Athens. Cleisthenes gave the assembly more power. He also created a new council to help the assembly carry out its duties. Members of the council were chosen by lottery.

Ch 7.1 Test Prep Review 1. The noble who canceled farmers' debts and freed the enslaved people. 2. Term for a captive worker. 3. Type of government in which all citizens share in running the government. The ancient Athenians had a direct form while we in the United States have a representational form. 4. Type of government in which only a few people hold government power. 5. One who takes power by force and who rules with authority. 6. The rule of the nobles was brief because the __________ had the support of the common people.

Helot Tyrant Oligarchy Democracy Tyrant Solon

Ch 7.1 Test Prep Review 1. In ____________, the government was very firm and the focus was on military training for boys and men. 2. In _________, boys were trained to read, write and do arithmetic. 3. The government of __________ was headed by two kings who headed a council of elders. 4. After coming to power in 508 B.C., Cleisthenes reorganized the government of _________, giving the assembly more power, thereby expanding the power of the common citizens.

Sparta Athens