Download Volcanoes

Volcanoes

Key Terms • • • • • • • • •

Magma Volcanism Lava Volcano Hot spot Mafic Felsic Pyroclastic material Caldera

Lahar Pyroclastic flow

Volcanoes and Earth’s Spheres • Provide a picture and written description of how volcanoes can affect each of Earth’s spheres. • ONE picture and ONE description for each sphere.

Major Volcanic Zones

Ring of Fire

Major Volcanic Zones • Subduction Zones • Mid-Ocean Ridges • Hot Spots

Subduction Zones Volcanoes

Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanoes

Hot Spots Volcanoes

Key Questions • Describe THREE conditions that affect whether magma forms. • Explain how magma reaches Earth’s surface. • Summarize the formation of hot spots.

The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamont Chain • The following map shows the locations and ages of islands and seamounts in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, which is located in the Pacific Ocean. Use the map to answer the questions that follow.

The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamont Chain

The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamont Chain

The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain • Which volcano is the oldest? • A seamount is a submarine volcanic mountain. Would you expect older volcanoes to be seamounts or islands? Explain your answer. • Which island signifies a change in direction of the movement of the Pacific Plate? • In which direction has the Pacific Plate been moving since the formation of the Islands in the seamount chain changed direction? • How many years ago did the Pacific Plate change its direction? • The Pacific Plate has moved 3220 km since the seamount changed directions. What is the average speed of the Pacific Plate over that time?

Volcanic Hazards • List and Describe possible hazards associated with volcanic eruptions to nearby populations. • On day 1, a volcano expelled 5 metric tons of sulfur dioxide. On day 2, the same volcano expelled 12 metric tons of sulfur dioxide. What is the percentage increase in sulfur dioxide expelled from day 1 to day 2? • What are the effects of increased levels of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere?