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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Florida Benchmarks • SC.5.E.5.2 Recognize the major common characteristics of all planets and compare/contrast the properties of inner and outer planets. • SC.5.E.5.3 Distinguish among the following objects of the Solar System—Sun, planets, moon, asteroids, comets—and identify Earth’s position in it.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
The Solar System • Earth, other planets, and moons are part of a solar system. • Solar systems are made up of a star and the planets and other space objects that revolve around it. • Planets are large, round bodies that revolve around a star.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
The Solar System • There are eight planets in our solar system. • All planets rotate, or spin, around an axis. • An axis is an imaginary line that goes through the center of the planet.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
The Solar System • Earth rotates once on its axis every 24 hours. • That is the length of one day on Earth.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
The Solar System • In our solar system, the planets orbit the sun. • The orbits are oval-shaped, or elliptical. • The planets in our solar system are very far from one another.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
The Solar System • Moons are small, natural objects that revolve around other objects. • Earth has one moon that revolves around Earth about every 27 days. • Some planets have more than one moon. • Mercury and Venus do not have any moons.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
The Inner Planets • The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. • The inner planets are very dense and rocky. They also have thin atmospheres and small diameters. • The inner planets have large solid cores and few moons.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Mercury • Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system. • The surface of Mercury is full of craters. • Mercury is the closest planet to the sun.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Venus • Temperatures on Venus are high enough to melt lead. • Thick clouds on Venus are made up mostly of carbon dioxide. • There are more than 1,000 volcanoes on Venus’s surface.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Earth • Earth has an atmosphere made of mostly nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. • Earth is the only planet known to have abundant liquid water. • Water helps keep Earth at temperatures that allow life.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Mars • Mars is known as the “Red Planet” because of its red, rocky surface. • Giant dust storms cover the entire planet.
• There are also huge volcanoes on Mars.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
The Outer Planets • The planets farthest from the sun are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. • The outer planets are known as gas giants. They are huge and made up mostly of gases. • All of the outer planets have many moons and ring systems.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Jupiter • Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. • Massive, spinning storms, such as the Great Red Spot, are visible on Jupiter.
• Jupiter has rings, but they are faint.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Saturn • Saturn is the second-largest planet in the solar system. • Saturn has thousands of rings around it. The rings are made of ice and chunks of rock. • Saturn has many moons and large storms, like Jupiter.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Uranus • The axis of Uranus is tilted so far that it appears to rotate on its side. • Heated gases deep inside Uranus bubble and burst onto the surface, causing bright clouds to form. • Uranus has at least 13 faint rings.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Neptune • Winds on Neptune can reach 2,000 km/hr. • The Great Dark Spot on Neptune is a storm that travels around the planet.
• Neptune has nine rings around it.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Compare Inner and Outer Planets • Size, surface features, distance from the sun, temperatures, number of moons, and diameter make the inner and outer planets different. • The period of revolution of a planet is the time it takes for a planet to revolve around the sun. • The period of rotation of a planet is the time it takes to rotate on its axis.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
The Flying Objects Moons • Moons in our solar system differ from each other. • Some moons may contain a lot of ice. • Some moons have many volcanoes.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Dwarf Planets • Pluto was once classified as a planet. Now it is classified as a dwarf planet. • Dwarf planets are nearly round bodies whose orbits cross the orbits of other bodies. • Dwarf planets are very far away and hard to study.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Asteroids • Asteroids are rock and iron objects that orbit the sun. • Millions of asteroids are found in the wide region between Mars and Jupiter known as the asteroid belt. • Asteroids range in size from as small as a city block to the size of an ocean.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites • Meteoroids are pieces of rock that break off asteroids and travel through space. • Meteor is a term used to describe the streak of light caused when a meteoroid burns up in Earth’s atmosphere. • If a meteoroid reaches Earth’s surface, it is called a meteorite.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Comets • A chunk of frozen gases, rock, ice, and dust is known as a comet. • As comets pass close to the sun, part of the frozen surface breaks away and turns into gases and dust. • These particles reflect sunlight and look like long tails that always point away from the sun.
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Unit 2 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Space Watch • Objects such as comets, meteoroids, and asteroids can hit the surface of other bodies in the solar system. • The impact, or hit, from space objects creates impact craters. • Scientists keep track of the size, position, and motion of space objects near Earth using telescopes.
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