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Mitosis and the cell cycle Content objectives 1. Describe the importance and role of mitosis in living organisms 2. Describe the structure of genetic material in a chromosome 3. Describe the major events in the cell cycle 4. Describe the role of the nuclear envelope, chromosomes, and mitotic spindle in each stage of mitosis 5. Define cancer and give the characteristics of cancer cells Figure 8.1 6. What are 3 functions of cell division in living organisms? 7. Can these functions be preformed without cell division? Figure 8.3 A plant cell just before division 8. How many cells are shown in the figure? 9. What are the red structures inside the cell? Figure 8.4 DNA packing in a eukaryotic chromosome 10. How is DNA represented in the figure? 11. How are histones represented? 12. Which of the four types of organic molecules is DNA? 13. Which of the four types of organic molecules are histones? 14. In the “beads on a string” arrangement, what is each bead called? 15. How many histones are in each bead? 16. Why must DNA be packed into such tight coils and folds?

Figure 8.5 Duplication and distribution of a single chromosome 17. How many chromosomes are shown at the top of the diagram? 18. In the middle figure, how many chromosomes are shown? 19. In the middle figure, how many sister chromatids are shown? 20. In the bottom, how many chromosomes are shown? Figure 8.6 The eukaryotic cell cycle 21. During which phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur? 22. What are the three sub-phases of interphase? 23. What happens during the S phase of interphase? 24. How many sister chromatids does each chromosome contain during the G2 phase? 25. What process must follow the creation of two daughter nuclei in order to complete cell division? 26. What proportion of the life of an average cell is spent in the mitotic phase? Figure 8.7 Cell reproduction 27. What are the phases of mitosis? 28. For each phase of mitosis, describe the state of the nuclear envelope as a.

Intact

b. disassembling c. disassembled d. reassembling 29. For each phase of mitosis, describe the actions of the chromosomes as a. Loosely packed b. Condensing c. Lined up on an imaginary plate d. Separating

30. For each phase of mitosis describe the actions of the mitotic spindle as a. Assembling b. Attaching to chromosomes c. Attached to chromosomes d. Pulling chromosomes to opposite poles e. Disassembling 31. During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes? 32. What process results in separating the cytoplasm and formation of two new daughter cells? 33. How would you describe the number of chromosomes in two daughter cells following division? a. The same number b. One cell has more than the other 34. Would you guess that the two cells have a. Identical genetic material b. Different genetic material 35. How many cells are present following cell division of one parental, mother cell? a. One parent cell and one daughter cell b. One parent cell and two daughter cells c. Two daughter cells Figure 8.9 36. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells a. Divide too much b. Don’t divide enough c. Divide at the same rate

37. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells a. Have an extra cell cycle control system b. Have a mutated cell cycle control system c. Have more chromosomes d. Have fewer chromosomes 38. A mass of rapidly dividing cells is called a a. Cancer b. Metastasis c. Tumor 39. A malignant tumor is different from a benign tumor because it a. Can spread through metastasis b. Is made of cancer cells c. Promotes blood vessel development d. Is found in the breast 40. Understanding the mitosis and the cell cycle is crucial to understanding and developing a cure for cancer becasause cancer is a disease of the cell cycle a. True b. False