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When you read a text, there are always words you don't know or you have never seen. It doesn't mean that you can't understand what they mean. 1. a. You are going to try to deduce the meaning of the following words with the context. Don't hesitate to replace them possible synonyms you know to help you. Are these words verbs, adjectives, adverbs, nouns, prepositions...? WORD Ordeal (l.13)

Cat N

FRENCH

ENGLISH SYNONYM

épreuve

Sear (l.15) Drain (l.18) Glare (l.45) Merchant (l.54) Smother (l.58) Dread (l.62) Raptor (l.65) Shepherded (l.68) Cave (l.73) Cramped (l.78) Betray (l.88) Lull (l.91) Wheat (l.96) corn (US) maize (UK) (l.96) Walnut tree (l.96-7) a stream spills down (l.97) Drought (l98) running water (l.98) Fetch (l.101) slight in build (l.107) Gleam (l.108) Curse (l.126) harbor (US) harbour (UK) (l.137) Possibly (l.141) knife-thin odds (l.152) in the face of (l.154)

fear

b. Do the same with the following expressions : EXPRESSION

FRENCH

The portrait turned out to be one of those images that sear the heart.(l.14) A man got wind of the search. (l.27) Her eyes burn with ferocity. (l.40) Stories shift like sand. (l.41-42) Her brother filled in the narrative of her life. (l.64) She scratched out an existence (l.95) 2. You can also deduce the meaning of a word from its structure : stem+suffix. WORD

STUCTURE

FRENCH

Shyness

shy-ness

timid-ité

haunted haunting warlike hardship bitterness countless 3. Look at the following noun groups. a six-hour drive a plum-coloured burka If you expanded the noun group, you would obtain « a drive that takes six hours » and « a burka that has the colour of a plum ». If you want to create a more compact noun group, you can put the elements that describe the main noun before it, linked together by hyphens (X-Y). Why is there no plural -s in « a six-hour drive »? Because « six-hour » is used as an adjective before a noun. An adjective being invariable, you should never have plural -s in the describing elements of a compact noun group. Now turn the following noun groups into more compact ones :

− − − − − − −

mountains that are covered in snow a village that has the colour of the earth a burka that has the colour of a plum a woman wearing a black veil a picture that sears the heart a walk that takes four hours an Afghan girl who is ten years old

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