Download File - Mrs. Hodge 7th Grade Science

January 15, 2018 | Author: Anonymous | Category: , Science, Health Science, Infectious Disease
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Notes #9: Infectious Diseases Immune System Week 2: Diseases

Infectious Diseases

Diseases caused by a virus, bacterium, protist or fungus and are spread from an infected organism or the environment to another organism Biological Vector: disease carrying organism (rats, birds, dogs, cats, mosquitoes, fleas, flies) People can be carriers too!

Surgery Through History Past: bloody aprons, dirty tools and street clothes were commonplace  Present: disinfectants, sterilized tools, antiseptics and protective (sterile) clothing.  Joseph Lister: one of the first surgeons to promote keeping things clean during surgery. 

Remember from Notes 8… Elbow Partners:  Tell your partner: What is a pathogen?  Have them tell you: 1 example of a pathogen. 

If you have only 3 people at your table, they can answer either question again, in their own words.

Continued… Pathogen: a microscopic organism that causes communicable diseases. 4 Types of pathogens: 1. Viruses: tiny nonliving particles that invade and take over healthy cells. THEY CANNOT LIVE WITHOUT A HOST TO INFECT. Hard to kill since not alive. 2. Bacteria: extremely small, single-celled organisms with no cell nucleus. CAN LIVE ON SURFACES. Easier to kill than viruses. 3. Protozoa: single-celled organisms. 4. Fungi: primitive single- or many-celled organism that cannot make their own food.

How Pathogens are Spread 

6 common ways to spread pathogens: 1. Direct contact (touching) 2. Indirect contact (breathing, clothing/sheets, door handles, etc.) 3. Contact with someone else’s blood 4. Sexual Contact 5. Eating or Drinking contaminated food or water 6. Contact with animals or insects

Elbow Partners 

Discuss with your neighbor why people get more sick in winter, when its cold out? Hint: It has very little to do with the weather.



Be ready to share- the equity cards will decide…

Answer People stay inside more when its cold out, this means more sick people are around you all winter!  Also, scientists just finished a study in December saying that when its cold, your nose and throat mucus is thinner so its less able to stick and grab onto pathogens, leaving them free to get you sick!  

Lesson 3: Common Communicable Diseases Cold VIRUS  Influenza (flu) VIRUS: a communicable disease characterized by fever, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and respiratory symptoms. 

Chicken Pox, Measles, and Mumps 

Contagious period: the length of time that a particular disease can be spread from person to person.

Other Communicable Diseases Mononucleosis  Hepatitis  Tuberculosis  Pneumonia  Strep Throat  STDs (sexually transmitted) 

– Bacterial (curable)  Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Syphilis

– Viral (have whole life)  Genital Herpes

Elbow Partners Tell him/her the 6 ways you now know that pathogens are spread.  THEN have him/her tell you what people can do to prevent the spread. 

Lesson 4: Preventing the Spread of Disease Hygiene: AKA Cleanliness. Helps limit the number of pathogens you encounter.  Protect yourself and others: 

– – – – – – – –

Avoid close contact with someone sick Don’t share eating utensils Wash your hands Keep hands away from mouth, eyes, nose and cuts Handle food safely Wipe counters Empty trash often Keep Pets clean

Healthful Lifestyle Eat a balanced diet  Bathe and shower regularly  Avoid tobacco use  Get 8-9 hours of sleep each night  Rest when you get sick  Learn to manage stress  Visit the doctor on a regular routine 

Elbow Partners Tell your partner some ways to keep your hands clean and what that can do for you.  Then have him/her tell you which they think is better at killing pathogens on your hands: Washing your hands or using hand sanitizer? Do you both agree? 

TPS: Washing your Hands to stop the spread of pathogens How does soap actually work? What does it do?  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ga2ff 1nO0uo 

Pathogen Lab (Bread): Part A: Does washing your hands remove pathogens? Part B: Which removes pathogens better? Soap or hand sanitizer?

LAB WS: Make a hypothesis for Part A and another for Part B 

Then make observations on the bread slices under Day 5.

Lesson 5: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) 

Sexually Transmitted Diseases: infections that are spread from person to person through sexual contact.

STDs Chlamydia  Genital Warts  Genital Herpes  Trichomoniasis  Gonorrhea  Syphilis  Hepatitis B 

WARNING ***Some STDs are curable with strong medicines from a doctor, while others you can never get rid of your entire life***

Abstinence from Sexual Activity Saying no and avoiding sexual activity.  This is the only 100% effective way of preventing the spread of STDs.  That’s right- condoms are only 63-97% effective. 

Lesson 6: HIV and AIDs HIV or human immunodeficiency virus: the virus that cause AIDs.  AIDs or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a disease that interferes with the body’s ability to fight infection. 

How HIV is Spread Having any form of sexual intercourse with an infected person  Using contaminated needles  Babies can get if from their mother (if infected) 

How HIV is Not Spread        

Swimming in pool with infected person Sharing eating utensils with infected person Breathing the air near infected person Donating blood Being bitten by mosquito after biting infected person Hugging or shaking hands with infected person Using same shower Sharing sports equipment

Abstinence and HIV AIDs has no cure and you can protect yourself from getting HIV by staying away from unprotected sexual activity or abstaining from sex.  Abstinence is the only 100% sure way to avoid infections and pregnancy. 

Abstinence

is the only 100% sure way to avoid infections and pregnancy.

Elbow Partners You have 20 seconds to:  In your best doctor voice, tell your partner why showing abstinence is the safest choice for avoiding STDs and pregnancy. Use as many facts as you can- because doctors love facts.  Then have your partner try it back to see whose was better  



Put these in your notes tab- great job today!

Let’s play a game! 

Blank piece of paper: Keep a record of who you shake hands with in the time limit. You have 2 minutes to shake hands!

If your name is called, stand up… Our patient zero is ______________; stand up. You were sick with a virus the whole time!  Read the 5 people you shook hands with... Because they are infected, too. They should stand up.  They will read the 5 people they shook hands AFTER PATIENT ZERO with who are also now infected.  Repeat steps 2 & 3 

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