Download Chapter13Lecture

Nutrition for Adults: The Early, Middle, and Later Years

1

Population Facts By 2030 the U.S. population will grow to 363 million, up 29.2% from the year 2000.  Life expectancy = 78 yrs by 2010 

 74 yrs men, 81 yrs women  1900 = 49 yrs

Life expectancy varies by group and income  Women outlive men - average 6 yrs 

2

Influences on Growth of Adults 

Physical maturity  Reached in late teen years  Levels off in early adult years



Age groups  Young adults (18 to 39 years)  Identity, Intimacy (Erikson)

 Middle adults (40 to 64 years)  Some sources = 40-70

 Generativity

 Older adults (65 years and older)  Integrity 3

Young Adults 

Lifestyle choices made now are very important for maintaining “quality of life” ○ Physical exercise ○ Healthy food choices

○ Balanced meals

4

Middle Adults 

early signs of chronic disease may start to appear now  Diabetes  Heart disease, etc.

**wellness and health promotion to reduce risk of disease are major focus of health care !!!

5

Older Adults 

Kilocalories recommended:  Metabolic demands are decreased  Ages 51-70 = 2000 - 2500 cal/day  Older than 71 = 1500 – 2200 cal/day



Carbohydrates  50-60% total calories  Minimum of 130 gm carb per day to maintain

healthy brain function for all age groups

6

Older Adults 

Fats  30% (20-35%) total calories, backup energy  Avoid large quantities of fat  Fat digestion/absorption delayed



Proteins  Adult need = 0.8 g/kg (or up to 1.3 g/kg) ○ To prevent loss of muscle mass  Average 50 gm per day  Need for protein may increase during illness and

convalescence 7

Older Adults 

Vitamins & Minerals  Vit. D and calcium essential to prevent &

treat osteoporosis  Iron may be needed to treat iron-deficiency anemia  Vit. B12 recommended for adults over age 50, older adults have decreased absorption of B12 ○ usually given as an injection

8

Aging Process and Nutrition Needs 

Effects on food patterns  Diminished secretion of digestive enzymes

and motility of GI muscles causes decreased absorption and use of nutrients  Decreased taste, smell, and vision affect appetite  Higher calorie meal served at breakfast ○ To reduce GI effects at bedtime

9

Clinical Needs 

Undernourishment risks:  Low appetite  Loneliness  Lack of money  Dental problems, tooth loss  Gastrointestinal problems, decreased

secretions, decreased taste  Dehydration, reduced thirst sensation

.

10

Assisted Feeding Make no negative remarks about food being served.  Identify the food being served.  Allow at least three bites of each item before serving the next food.  Allow time to chew and swallow.  Give liquids throughout meal. ***allow pt. to self-feed if possible 

11

Benefits of Physical Activity for Senior Adults Maintain independence  Reduce blood pressure  Improve stamina, muscle strength for those with chronic conditions  Reduce anxiety, depression symptoms  Healthy bones, muscles, joints  Control joint swelling and pain of arthritis  30 minutes/day (1-3 sessions) 

Copyright © 2009, by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

12

Chronic Diseases of Aging Heart disease  Cancer  Arthritis  Diabetes  Alzheimer’s disease  Renal disease 

13

CDC Recommendations to Prevent Chronic Disease Stop smoking  Limit alcohol intake  Be physically active  Maintain healthy weight  Diet low in fat and cholesterol 

14