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3D Bioprinting For Cartilage Lillian Margolis Biomedical Engineering October 21, 2015

Introduction • Tissue Engineering – Study of growth of connective tissue – Repair or replace tissue • Cartilage – Connective tissue – Avascular – Three Types: Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrous • 3D Bioprinting: scaffolds and bio-ink [1]

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Methods • Scaffolds: three dimensional polymer mold that guides the tissue as it cultures and grows – Mesenchymal stem cells – Chemical cues to mimic the original tissue

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Methods • 3D Bioprinting: directly repair or recreate cartilage and integrates with original cartilage – Sizes of tissues printed: under 400 micrometers – 5 options • Extrusion • Laser • Inkjet

• Thermal Inkjet • Piezoelectric Inkjet

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Studies • Thermal Inkjet Study (Human) – Layer by layer, articular cartilage, and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate – 4mm diameter, thickness of 2mm, nominal 0.23 microliters bioink – ~1140 chondrocytes – Each layer printed and photopolymerized, 18micrometers thick – 2 mins total printing time – Printed cartilage with 3d biopaper had higher levels of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content than cartilage printed without – Result: Importance of direct cartilage repair; success in placement of individual cells, preserving cell viability, maintaining chondrogenic phenotype, and integrating with original tissue tissue

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Studies • 4 Bioinks: Ink9010, Ink8020, Ink7030, and Ink6040 • Printed small grids with the four different bioinks and crossed-linked them with CaCl2 for 10 mins • Compression testing and shape fidelity testing • The different ink compositions can be used for different printing depending on mechanical properties

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Conclusion • Thermal Inkjet Bioprinting – Print both soft and hard tissue – Best option for repairing cartilage

• Ink8020 is most suitable bioink for printing • Future – Optimizing scaffolds – Targeted Drug Therapy – Gene Transfection

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Questions?

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Resources Besides the Ones in the Abstract 1.

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(n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2015, from http://www.millerplace.k12.ny.us/webpages/lmiller/photos/636532/large23_Cartilage Types.jpg W HAT IS TISSUE ENGINEERING. (N.D.). RETRIEVED OCTOBER 17, 2015, FROM HTTP://WWW.RPI.EDU/DEPT/CHEMENG/BIOTECH-ENVIRON/PROJECTS00/TISSUE/W HAT IS TISSUE ENGINEERING.HTM Camarero-Espinosa, S., Rothen-Rutishauser, B., Weder, C., & Foster, E. (2015). Directed cell growth in multi-zonal scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 42-52. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.033 Murphy, S., & Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotechnol Nature Biotechnology, 773-785. doi:10.1038/nbt.2958 Gao, G., & Cui, X. (2015). Three-dimensional bioprinting in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biotechnology Letters, 1-9. doi:10.1007/s10529-015-1975-1 Markstedt, K., Mantas, A., Tournier, I., Ávila, H., Hägg, D., & Gatenholm, P. (2015). 3D Bioprinting Human Chondrocytes with Nanocellulose–Alginate Bioink for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications. BioMacroMolecules, 1489-1496. doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00188 Digital image. University of Rhode Island. N.p., n.d. Web. .